$$ \newcommand{\floor}[1]{\left\lfloor{#1}\right\rfloor} \newcommand{\ceil}[1]{\left\lceil{#1}\right\rceil} \renewcommand{\mod}{\,\mathrm{mod}\,} \renewcommand{\div}{\,\mathrm{div}\,} \newcommand{\metar}{\,\mathrm{m}} \newcommand{\cm}{\,\mathrm{cm}} \newcommand{\dm}{\,\mathrm{dm}} \newcommand{\litar}{\,\mathrm{l}} \newcommand{\km}{\,\mathrm{km}} \newcommand{\s}{\,\mathrm{s}} \newcommand{\h}{\,\mathrm{h}} \newcommand{\minut}{\,\mathrm{min}} \newcommand{\kmh}{\,\mathrm{\frac{km}{h}}} \newcommand{\ms}{\,\mathrm{\frac{m}{s}}} \newcommand{\mss}{\,\mathrm{\frac{m}{s^2}}} \newcommand{\mmin}{\,\mathrm{\frac{m}{min}}} \newcommand{\smin}{\,\mathrm{\frac{s}{min}}} $$

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Variables

We believe that you know multiple people can use one program and that you know this from your own experience. We create programs with the intention of making solving and performing tasks easier. We create them to have fun, relax, and connect with other people.

The fact that one program can be used by multiple people, who enter their data and receive corresponding results, tells us that programming has an excellent concept of managing and using computer memory.

Think of the memory of a digital device as being a huge, we mean enormous, almost endless room with rows and rows of shelves. Now, imagine that you can put data into every compartment on every shelf. Finally, imagine that you can name each of these compartments whatever you wish and, as soon as you call its name, the information in it becomes immediately available.

We call these “compartments” of computer memory variables. A variable can potentially contain only one piece of information (a number, string, values true or false, etc.).

Ask and Wait

In the category Sensing there is a block Ask and wait BlokAskWait. This blocks allows us to ask the user for something (usually in the form of a request or a question), and then wait for the user to click the button Stikliranje or press Enter.
User’s response is entered into the variable VAnswer, and the program continues to run.
Uradi It’s best we use this block immediately. We will create a program in which the cat asks the user for his/her name, and then repeats the name and says that it is a very lovely name.
_images/KodPromenljivaAnswer.png
Therefore, we will start the program by clicking on the green flag. After the command BlokAsk, the program stops running, expecting the user to type in his/her answer into the input field and click on the button Stikliranje or press Enter. At that moment, the content of the variable VAnswer does not exist Answer.
When the user enters the answer (e.g. Mima) and clicks the button Stikliranje or presses Enter, the content of the variable VAnswer will be AnswerMima.
Now, the cat can say the string BlokSay, which we made by using the block for connecting strings Join (in the field apple we put the variable VAnswer, and in the field banana we put the string “is a lovely name!”.

In the figure below, you can see our program when it runs.

_images/TokPromenljivaAnswer.png

Creating Variables

Let’s look at the situation where the user enters 4 numbers, then the program adds the numbers and displays the sum. It is true that the block Ask and wait BlokAskWait allows the user to enter a certain value, which will then be placed in the variable VAnswer. Nevertheless, what happens when we need 4 answers?

    Q-12: The user enters the following numbers one after the other: 5, 10, 15 and 20. When the program shown in the figure runs, the sprite will say:

    _images/4pitanja.png
  • 50
  • The variable contains only one piece of information (a number, string, value true or false, etc.). Think again and choose the correct answer.
  • 30
  • The variable contains only one piece of information (a number, string, value true or false, etc.). Think again and choose the correct answer.
  • 20
  • The variable contains only one piece of information (a number, string, value true or false, etc.). Think again and choose the correct answer.
  • 80
  • You are right, well done! The variable |VAnswer| contains only the user's final answer, and that is number 20. The sprite will say 80 (20+20+20+20).

It is obvious that we need more than one variable for the program to be able to display the correct sum.

We create the variables in the category Variables, by clicking on the button Make a variable. A window will open where we can type in the name of the variable, and then we decide if we want to make it available to all sprites or only to the sprite that is active while we are creating the variable. We can also check the option that saves the variable on the server, in the data cloud. Finally, clicking the button OK creates the variable.

In the figure below, we can see the block, which will become available to us once we have created the variable. With the first block, we will set the value of the variable, the second one we can use if we want to increase or decrease that value, while the third and the fourth are used to make the variable visible or to hide it.

_images/MakeVariable.png

    Q-13: Analyze the scripts and mark the correct statement:

    _images/4brojaProm.png
  • Running of scripts A and B has the same result
  • Well done! Even though they are different, the running of both programs has the same result.
  • Running of scripts A and B has different results
  • Think about your answer. If you still think the same, create these programs in Scratch and run them. Don't forget to arrange so that the values of the variables can be seen on the stage.